Lesson XI: Modals

The brief summary of Modal-AFs: Modal-AF Similar Meaning Indicates CAN BE ( IS , ARE , AM ) +ABLE+TO-AF Ability COULD BE ( WAS , WERE ) +ABLE+TO-AF Ability in the Past WILL BE ( IS , ARE , AM ) +GOING+TO-AF Future MAY HAVE PERMISSION or BE PERMITTED + TO-AF Permission MUST IT ' S HIGHLY PROBABLE Probability about 90% MAY IT ' S VERY POSSIBLE Possibility >50% MIGHT IT ' S POSSIBLE Possibility 50% MUST HAVE ( HAS ) +TO-AF Necessity SHOULD OUGHT+TO-AF Advisability Exercise: A.6.4. Practice MODALS Use Modal-AF to express the same idea given in the statement. For example: Paul is going to send the e-mail tomorrow. PAUL WILL SEND THE E-MAIL TOMORROW. George is able to speak French very well . GEORGE CAN SPEAK FRENCH VERY WELL. The students have permission to study during the night . THE STUDENTS MAY STUDY DURING THE NIGHT. It ’ s possible that George will go to Chicago . GEORGE MIGHT GO TO CHICAGO . Mary ought to write to her parents . MARY SHOULD WRITE TO HER PARENTS . It ’ s highly probable that the girls are studying . THE GIRLS MUST BE STUDYING . Paul has to take an exam next week . PAUL MUST TAKE AN EXAM NEXT WEEK. 1. Paul and George are going to play tennis tomorrow. 2. It ’ s possible that George is a very good tennis player. 3. John is able to swim very well. 4. We have to get up at six o'clock tomorrow morning . 5. It ’ s very possible that George will stay home tonight. 6. It ’ s highly probable that Mary is at home now. 7. Paul was able to read Japanese. 8. You have permission to study here . 9. George is going to study in the library tonight. 10. It ’ s very possible that Helen will make a cake for dessert. 12. Mary is able to play the violin well. 13. Ali has to get a new passport immediately . 14. It ’ s possible that George is going to study management. 15. Mr. Saito has to take another English course . 16. Paul ought to quit smoking . 17. It ’ s highly probable that John is studying . →